Nuance Dictionary / Grammar
축약형 chuk-yak-hyeong
Contracted form — shortened conversational versions of grammatical constructs
What does 축약형 mean?
축약형 (chuk-yak-hyeong) means: Contracted form — shortened conversational versions of grammatical constructs.
Textbooks teach the full '-(으)ㄴ다고 하다', but native speakers almost exclusively converse using the compressed '-대요' variant. Mastering this contraction is the gateway to sounding natural.
🔊 From the story above
간접화법 — Gan-jeop-hwa-beop
다고 하다 — da-go ha-da
선생님이 읽으라고 하셨어요 — seon-saeng-nim-i ilg-eu-ra-go ha-syeoss-eo-yo, "The teacher told us to read it"
인용 — in-yong, "quotation"
친구들이 내일 간다고 해요 — chin-gu-deul-i nae-il gan-da-go hae-yo, "They say they're going tomorrow"
민수가 학생이라고 해요 — min-su-ga hak-saeng-i-ra-go hae-yo, "Minsu says he is a student"
냐고 하다 — nya-go ha-da
라고 하다 — eu-ra-go ha-da
🎙️ 축약형은 표기 그대로 읽지 않아요 — 실제로는 [추갸켱]로 소리나요 (격음화, 연음법칙). 발음 연습하기 →
How it's actually used
- 친구들이랑 말할 때는 '한다고 하다'보다 '한대요' 같은 축약형을 훨씬 많이 써.
Chingudeul-irang malhal ttae-neun 'handago hada'-boda 'handaeyo' gateun chugyakhyung-eul hwolssin mani sseo.
When talking with friends, we use contracted forms like 'handaeyo' much more often than 'handago hada'.
💡 Used to explain the preference for natural, fast-paced conversation. - 그거 너무 딱딱해 보이는데, 더 자연스러운 축약형으로 말해볼래?
Geugeo neomu ttakttakhae boineunde, deo jayeonseureoun chugyakhyung-euro malhaebollae?
That sounds too stiff; could you try saying it using a more natural contraction?
💡 Used to suggest sounding less like a textbook. - 문법 책에는 없지만 일상에서는 이런 축약형이 진짜 많이 들려.
Munbeop chaek-eneun eopjiman ilsang-eseoneun ireon chugyakhyung-i jinja mani deullyeo.
It's not in the grammar books, but you hear these contracted forms all the time in daily life.
💡 Used to point out the gap between classroom theory and real-world usage.
Related words in Grammar
할머니 진지 드셨어? hal-meo-ni jin-ji deu-syeo-sseo?아빠, 어디 가시는거야? a-ppa, eo-di ga-si-neun-geo-ya?삼촌 괜찮으신거야? sam-chon gwaen-cha-neu-sin-geo-ya?조심 좀 하시지? jo-sim jom ha-si-ji?말이 짧다 mal-i jjal-da